Understanding geomorphic responses to environmental change: a 19 000‐year case study from semi‐arid central Texas,USA     

Claire Boulter  Mark D. Bateman  Charles D. Frederick 《第四纪科学杂志》2010,25(6):889-902

Understanding the impact of past climatic changes on landscape stability is crucial in order to predict and mitigate the effects of future changes. However, in arid and semi‐arid environments, reconstructions are often hampered by a poor understanding of the relationship between sediment deposition and climate. We present here data from central Texas, a region that is sensitive to environmental change but has received relatively little attention. The study integrates a chronology of 29 optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) ages from six sedimentary sites in a range of depositional contexts with a 19 000 a climate record derived from pollen extracted from the adjacent Boriack Bog. By comparing the two records, we aimed to assess the relationship between climate change and geomorphic activity. Data show that extensive aeolian and colluvial deposition occurred during the mid to late Holocene, with sedimentation generally increasing during more arid phases. However, a number of depositional events on slopes were associated with moister episodes, and sediment was also deposited in a summit setting immediately after phases of increased precipitation. Linkages between climate change and geomorphic response were therefore complex, being controlled by both sediment supply and transport energy. The climatic fluctuations identified in the Boriack Bog record highlight the sensitivity of central Texas to environmental change, while disparities in conditions recorded between it and other palaeoenvironmental sites in the southern USA emphasise the need for further work in order to enhance understanding of landscape sedimentary response to climate. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

内蒙古沙麦钨矿花岗岩岩石地球化学、锆石U-Pb年代学及其地质意义     

李怀彬  籍进柱  廉永  李腊梅  吴皓然 《岩石矿物学杂志》2023,42(6):809-825

沙麦钨矿床位于内蒙古东乌旗地区,是该区目前已探明的中型岩浆热液型钨矿床。矿体主要赋存在黑云母二长花岗岩和黑云母二长花岗斑岩中,对这两种花岗质岩石的岩相学、岩石地球化学和LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学进行了研究。结果表明,黑云母二长花岗岩锆石U-Pb年龄为135.6±1.6 Ma和136.3±1.8 Ma,黑云母二长花岗斑岩锆石U-Pb年龄为138.6±1.1 Ma,二者侵位时间均为早白垩世。两种花岗质岩体具有富SiO₂(73.73%～78.23%)、高钾钠(Na₂O+K₂O)(7.56%～8.89%)、贫MgO(0.09%～0.20%)、贫CaO(0.51%～0.89%)、贫TiO₂(0.03%～0.12%)的特征,属于过铝质-高钾钙碱性系列;微量元素富集Rb、K、Th和U,相对亏损Sr、Ba、Nb、P和Ti元素,具有强烈的Eu负异常,具有较高的FeO^T含量,较高的FeO^T/MgO和FeO^T/(FeO^T+M...  相似文献   

东昆仑巴隆河西金矿地质特征与找矿标志     

王治安 《地质与勘探》2023,59(3):533-544

巴隆河西金矿床是东昆仑金成矿带近年来新发现的金矿床,其形成时代、地质特征与矿床类型尚不明确。本次在详细野外地质调查的基础上,通过构造-蚀变填图、锆石U-Pb定年和综合对比等方法,研究巴隆河西矿床的成矿特征和岩体侵位时代,以确定该矿床的成因类型与成矿时代。构造-蚀变填图发现巴隆河西矿床的金矿化赋存于花岗质岩体的9条构造蚀变带,明确了5个金矿体呈带状分布于北西西向断裂中,揭示金矿化与高岭土化、褐铁矿化、硅化和黄铁矿化等蚀变密切相关。赋含金矿化的花岗闪长岩和花岗斑岩的锆石U-Pb定年结果表明,其侵位时代分别为202.5±1.8 Ma和222.1±1.1Ma,属于印支晚期,约束了巴隆河西金矿的形成时代。结合区域岩浆活动时限、巴隆金矿地质特征、矿体产状与中低温矿物组合特征,提出巴隆河西矿床为造山带型金矿,推断逆断层及其伴随的热液活动是巴隆河西矿床金元素活化、迁移和富集的关键因素,指出北西西向构造蚀变带是该区带金矿成矿的有利部位。  相似文献   

年代古地理学: 理论与实践^*          下载免费PDF全文

王瑜  何登发  刘松楠  周丽云  高山林 《古地理学报》2022,24(5):908-919

古地理学研究和探讨的是地质历史时期的地表环境,是构造—环境(气候)—物质相互作用的产物。传统的古地理学及相应的构造古地理、生物古地理学等对大地构造演化及古大陆重建、油气勘探等起到了重要的作用。随着地球演化的深入研究,在多层圈的相互作用,特别是古气候、古环境等研究基础上,需要有机地把地表环境和构造环境相结合,并且综合考虑深层及浅层地质过程对古地理格局的形成和演化的制约。在传统的古地理学基础上,提出一个新的学科——年代古地理学,用以研究和探讨地质历史时期的地表过程。该学科是精细的同位素年代格架下的不同动力学—运动学—物质迁移—环境变迁形成古地理的研究,或者物质—力学—环境(气候)相互作用下的古地理格局的研究。旨在研究和探讨地表过程,亦即形成地表环境的过程,强调同一时间的多元性、不同空间的差异性和不同尺度的穿时性。文中以近年来研究的台湾、扬子及华北克拉通等地区的精细时间尺度下的古地理环境为例,进一步剖析年代古地理学对于重新理解和认识古构造格局演化的重要性。  相似文献   

Application of Optically Stimulated Luminescence Technique in Exploring a Concealed Sandstone-type Uranium Deposit     

KANG Huan  CHEN Yuelong  XUE Guoliang  ZHAO Junxiang  ZHANG N  ZHANG Yangyang 《《地质学报》英文版》2022,96(2):571-581

Identifying ore-induced geochemical anomalies at the surface that indicate concealed deposits in buried areas remains a significant challenge in geochemical exploration. In this study, in order to trace the source of the geochemical anomalies, systematic luminescence intensity analyses were conducted on quartz grains from the Quaternary regolith at the Hadatu sandstone-type uranium deposit in the Erenhot Basin. The optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) ages were much older than the depositional ages of the Quaternary regolith. Moreover, quartz OSL ages were closely related to both borehole grades and sampling depths. Thus, the abnormal mineral OSL ages from near-surface sediments were ultimately controlled by the sandstone-type uranium deposits. This is identical to the rapid changes of quartz OSL ages (0.063 ka/cm) and equivalent doses (0.19 Gy/cm) with depths in a given sampling site. The instantaneous soil radon concentration was positively correlated with the quartz OSL apparent age, indicating their ore-induced origin and, as a result, their effectiveness in the exploration of concealed uranium deposits. Other parameters, including mobile-state uranium and 210Po contents, were poorly correlated with quartz OSL ages and therefore should only be used with caution for geochemical exploration. This is the first time an attempt has been made to discriminate the ore-induced sources for different surface anomaly parameters, including instantaneous soil radon, mobile-state uranium and 210Po contents for concealed sandstone-type uranium deposits.  相似文献   

鲁西地区新太古代地壳增生事件：来自花岗岩和二长花岗岩U-Pb年代学、Hf同位素和岩石地球化学的证据     

王跃  周奇明  张金龙  周光峰 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2022,52(2):463-485

鲁西地区是全球完整保存新太古代早期TTG（英云闪长岩-奥长花岗岩-花岗闪长岩）和绿岩带的区域,是研究太古宙岩浆演化类型和太古宙时期壳幔作用以及构造模式的典型区域。本文在野外地质调查的基础上,通过年代学、Hf同位素和岩石地球化学等手段,探讨了鲁西地区新太古代花岗岩和二长花岗岩的地球化学特征和形成背景。鲁西地区新太古代花岗岩和二长花岗岩U-Pb年龄主要为2 537和2 566 Ma。花岗岩（TA1802）εHf (t)值为-1.4～2.9,平均值为0.65,二阶段模式年龄约为2.9 Ga;二长花岗岩（TA1812）εHf (t) 值为-0.4～2.7,平均值为1.31,二阶段模式年龄为 3 073～2 886 Ma,平均值约为2.9 Ga;二长花岗岩（TA1817）εHf (t) 值为0.3～4.7,平均值为3.35,二阶段模式年龄为3 032～2 762 Ma,平均值约为2.8 Ga。在εHf (t)-t 图解上,鲁西地区新太古代花岗岩和二长花岗岩年龄演化线均落在2.9～2.8 Ga地壳演化线上,且与二阶段模式年龄大致相同,即表明鲁西地区新太古代花岗岩和二长花岗岩源于2.9～2.8 Ga的古老地壳重融。鲁西地区新太古代花岗岩和二长花岗岩均表现为高w(SiO2)、w(Al2O3)和富Na2O特征,大部分属于准铝质岩石。稀土元素球粒陨石标准化分布型式上,均表现为轻稀土元素（LREE）富集和重稀土元素（HREE）亏损,且中重稀土元素出现分馏。花岗岩样品中,有两个样品（TA1801-1与TA1824）表现出Ta富集,其余样品均表现为K、Rb、Ba和Th等大离子亲石元素富集,Nb、Ta、Ti亏损。二长花岗岩也同样表现为K、Rb、Ba和Th等大离子亲石元素富集,Nb、Ta、Ti亏损,部分熔融残余矿物存在石榴石、金红石以及少量斜长石、角闪石。根据上述地球化学特征, 并结合区域地质特征,鲁西地区新太古代花岗岩和二长花岗岩构造背景为同碰撞背景,该构造模式是大陆地壳有效增生。  相似文献   

大兴安岭中段林西组砂岩LA-ICP-MS碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学及其地质意义     

梁天意  刘敬党  李猛猛  王刚  李琛  王利 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2022,52(2):442-462

大兴安岭中段扎赉特旗西北部分布大面积的晚二叠世林西组沉积地层,该沉积地层主要为长石砂岩、粉砂岩、长石岩屑砂岩夹不同规模的含砾砂岩及灰岩,中部含有较为丰富的双壳类、植物化石。本次研究针对林西组下部的长石岩屑砂岩进行LA-ICP-MS碎屑锆石U-Pb测年工作,共获得98个有效年龄,年龄分布范围为（2 552.3±22.5）~（227.6±5.4）Ma,大部分年龄位于谐和曲线上,部分结果偏离曲线,根据测试数据按年龄值和频率分布特征大致分为以下几组：上泥盆世—晚二叠世（380.0~246.1 Ma）、志留纪—寒武纪晚期（489.0~413.8 Ma）、中元古代—新元古代（1 239.5～808.1 Ma）、古元古代（2 554.0～1 784.3 Ma）。上述年龄与区域上的岩浆事件基本吻合。综合研究表明研究区内林西组沉积下限为（253.4±1.5） Ma,林西组的物源主体应来自于西拉木伦河—延吉一线,其余锆石来源主要为兴蒙造山带内部、华北板块北缘和东北各地块,1.8和2.5 Ga的碎屑锆石更有可能来自华北板块北缘,华北板块和西伯利亚板块在（253.4±1.5） Ma之前已经完成碰撞、拼合,古亚洲洋已经闭合,兴蒙海槽形成。林西组海相核形石的发现表明晚二叠世大兴安岭中段地区应以海相环境为主,直到三叠纪早期才逐渐转变为陆相沉积环境。  相似文献   

Lake level changes of Nam Co since 25 ka as revealed by OSL dating of paleo-shorelines     

《Quaternary Geochronology》2022

Many lakes in the Tibetan Plateau (TP) experienced dramatic lake level changes in the late Quaternary, as suggested by well-preserved paleo-shorelines up to ∼200 m above present lake levels. These relic shorelines provide direct geomorphic record to reconstruct past lake level fluctuation history and water volume changes, linked closely to variations in paleo-climatic controls including Asian monsoon, westerlies and glacial meltwater. In this study, 27 near-shore sediment samples from three of eight paleo-shorelines at north of Nam Co were dated by Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) technique, using coarse grains of quartz and potassium feldspar.Our results indicate that: 1) S1 is the highest/most developed shoreline (+26 m). Sediment from upper part of S1 has a consistent age of ∼25 ka (nine samples from 3 gullies), suggesting a high lake level of Nam Co occurred around 25 ka. An overflow point west of Nam Co has a close elevation to that of S1 and thus limits the presence of higher lake levels; 2) sediment profile from the slightly lower S2 (+22 m) contains two parts, silty sand (6.9–8.9 ka) at the bottom and shoreline deposits atop (∼2.3 ka), suggesting Nam Co maintained a relative high lake level in the early Holocene and such lake level occurred again at about 3.0–2.0 ka; 3) In contrast to the swift variations of monsoon precipitation and glacial meltwater in the late Quaternary, water level of Nam Co remained relatively stable during the period from ∼25 ka to about early Holocene (from +26 m to +22 m), implying a continuous outflowing stage and lake infill constantly exceeds evaporation; 4) S5 (+11 m) has an age of 0.7–1.4 ka. Nam Co showed a much accelerated pace of shrinkage since about 2.0 ka in the late Holocene in roughly two steps: it dropped from +22 m to +11 m from ∼2.0 ka to 1.4 ka, and subsequently dropped another 11 m after 0.7 ka.  相似文献   

Dating Neolithic rubble layers from Ba'ja and Basta sites in southern Jordan using luminescence     

《Quaternary Geochronology》2022

There is considerable evidence of widespread damage in the 7th millennium habitation sites across Jordan. The origins of this damage are unknown, but the most widely accepted hypothesis associates the resulting rubble and gravel deposits with the Holocene Rapid Climate Change. One way of testing the various hypotheses is to provide a more reliable chronology for the event(s) in question. In this study, we used quartz OSL and feldspar IRSL signals to date accumulative rubble layers at two archaeological sites in Southern Jordan; Ba'ja and Basta. By comparison with the OSL ages, the IRSL ages demonstrate that most of the quartz samples were sufficiently well bleached at deposition to provide accurate ages. Quartz ages show that deposition of the rubble layers took place in different episodes starting around 8.5 ka and 6.0 ka. Ages from Ba'ja site agree with the archaeological expectations of time of deposition. However, the results from Basta are younger than the archaeological expectations, which are based mainly on architectural style and stratigraphy.  相似文献   

Variations in the sensitivity of the optically stimulated luminescence from quartz in the Xifeng section: A spatiotemporal comparison across the Chinese Loess Plateau since the last interglaciation     

《Quaternary Geochronology》2022

The sensitivity of the optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) from quartz is thought to be mainly influenced by source rock (crystallization temperature and quartz defect types) and depositional history (irradiation/bleaching cycles). In this study, the OSL sensitivity of quartz of different grain sizes from loess (L1) and paleosol (S1) layers at the Xifeng section of the Chinese Loess Plateau was analyzed. The OSL sensitivity of the samples from the Xifeng section shows a distinct difference between glacial and interglacial cycles, which is consistent with the patterns observed from magnetic susceptibility (MS) and grain sizes. The highest OSL sensitivity is observed in S1, which is twelve times the lowest sensitivity observed in L1. Moreover, the contribution of the fast component of quartz OSL from the paleosol accounts for more than 90% of the total OSL signal. In contrast, the middle and slow components contribute more in loess, and a significant variation among different aliquots was observed.Comparison of the data obtained from loess sections from different regions, including Xifeng, Luochuan, Jingyuan and Shimao, show significant differences in the magnitudes of OSL sensitivity but a similar pattern between glacial and interglacial periods. The results of this study suggest that, except for the wildfire model proposed to interpret the high OSL sensitivity in paleosol (Zhang, 2018), the shift of wind pattern of westerly wind (i.e., transporting “dim” source from North Tibetan Plateau and northwesterly wind (i.e., transporting “bright” source from Alxa Arid Lands and the subsequent mixture from the different sources may partially contribute to the different OSL sensitivities observed for Xifeng and Luochuan. In contrast, the OSL sensitivity of Shimao samples from L1 was affected by the input from the Mu Us Desert, and those of Jingyuan may affected by the contribution from the Yellow River.  相似文献